You might ask, well why are mu naught and epsilon naught those exact values? No one knows why. It makes sense that the velocity of any wave would be inversely proportional to the resistance of the substance it is traveling in. So what the equations are saying is the velocity of this wave is inversely proportional the permittivity and permeability of free space. Solving you get Velocity = Sq root (1/epsilon naught * Mu naught). He comes up with is 1/V^2 = epsilon naught * Mu naught. What is the speed of this wave? You find this using advanced multivariable calculus which Maxwell was very good at. You have just created a self propagating wave. And the new moving magnetic field lines would create yet more electric field lines. Now, since the same thing is happening to these new electric field lines, that is, they are changing over time, they would in turn create new magnetic field lines. And according to Faraday’s law the moving magnetic field lines would create another new set of electric field lines. If I take an electric charge and put it on a pole, and I just move it up and down, what will this cause? According to ampere’s law, if an electric field moves or changes with time, it would create a magnetic field perpendicular to that.Īnd because of the changing movement, the magnetic field would also be changing with time. This idea of magnetic fields being created from electric fields was Maxwell’s addition to Ampere’s law.īoth of these constants have to be measured, since they are inherent properties of nature. Note that there are two terms in this equation, one term tells you the moving electrical charges can create magnetic fields, and the second term tells you that moving electrical fields can also create magnetic fields. This is the ability of free space to allow magnetic lines of force to go through it. This requires a constant of nature called mu naught. It says that if you have moving charge through a wire, or an electrical current, you generate a magnetic field. This equation tells engineers how to generate electricity from a generator. This law says that if move a magnet, you will create an electric field. The third equation is called faraday’s law. In other words, a magnet will always have two poles. It says that if you had the same sphere but it was a magnet, you will never find a configuration where the magnetic lines of force always point outward, or always point inwards. The second equation is called Gauss’s law for magnetism. It is the resistance of free space against the formation of electric fields. Permittivity of free space is required in the equation. It is based on concepts developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss. The first equation is a formula that tells us how electrical charges create electrical fields. If I have another charge, you can understand exactly what force it will feel. That’s what the four equations are telling us.Ī charge is the source of an electric field. And if you have a moving magnet, it will affect a charge. But if you have a moving charge, it will affect a magnet. And if you have a static magnet, it will affect only other magnets. If you have a static object with a charge, it will affect only other charges. This is a property of matter like mass is a property of matter. We are going to visualize the equations with graphics. Not only do they describe every electrical and magnetic phenomenon, but hidden within these equations is a fundamental truth about the nature of light, and why it is the ultimate speed of the universe. Why is light so fast? What is light made of? Almost all modern technology is based on Maxwell’s equations. Why is the maximum speed of the universe the speed of light? Maxwell’s equations explained and visualized.
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